Overview
Discounted cash flow
Income / accounting-based
Multiples & assets
Scenario
Toolbox
Weighted blend
$19.98
-31.69% vs spot
Sell
Spot price
$29.25
Mkt cap $17.38B
subtle cardAnalyst PT consensus
$32.22
+10.15% vs spot
subtle cardMethods covered
19 / 20
9 in blend
subtle cardFootball field
INVH · fair-value range by method
Method comparison
INVH · fair value by valuation framework
| Method | Category | Fair value | Range | vs spot | Weight | Driver | Conf. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DCF · FCFF | dcf | $22.12 | $22.67 – $43.18 | -24.36% | 10.5% | WACC 6.4%, g₀=-3.0%, gₗ=2.8% | high |
| DCF · FCFE | dcf | $15.20 | $16.48 – $21.09 | -48.05% | 10.5% | kₑ 8.3%, g₀=-3.0%, gₗ=2.8% | high |
| DDM · Gordon | ddm | $22.75 | $19.26 – $27.80 | -22.22% | 10.5% | D₁ 1.22, kₑ 8.3%, gₗ 2.8% | med |
| DDM · H-model | ddm | $16.38 | $19.26 – $24.08 | -43.99% | — | D₀ 1.22, g₀=-3.0%, gₗ=2.8%, H 5y | med |
| DDM · multi-stage | ddm | $19.86 | $16.88 – $22.84 | -32.09% | 18.9% | 5y schedule -3.0% → 2.8%, kₑ 8.3% | high |
| Residual income | income | $15.61 | $13.74 – $17.49 | -46.62% | 5.3% | BV 16.36, ROE 6.1% → kₑ | high |
| EVA / MVA | income | -$4.83 | -$4.25 – -$5.41 | -116.50% | — | IC 17.8B, WACC 6.4% | high |
| Justified P/E | multiple | $8.27 | $7.03 – $9.51 | -71.72% | — | Fair P/E 8.6 (payout 100%, kₑ 8.3%, g -3.0%) | med |
| P/E · sector | multiple | $26.88 | $23.65 – $30.11 | -8.10% | 7.4% | EPS 0.96 × peer P/E 28.0 | med |
| Justified P/B | multiple | $13.24 | $11.26 – $15.23 | -54.72% | — | Fair P/B 0.81 · ROE 6.1%, kₑ 8.3% | high |
| P/S · sector | multiple | $23.34 | $19.84 – $26.84 | -20.21% | — | Rev/sh 4.67 × peer P/S 5.00 | med |
| EV / EBITDA | multiple | $31.20 | $27.46 – $34.95 | +6.68% | 10.5% | EBITDA × peer 18.0× − ND 8.3B | high |
| EV / EBIT | multiple | $13.26 | $11.27 – $15.25 | -54.66% | — | EBIT × peer 21.6× − ND | med |
| EV / Sales | multiple | $5.73 | $4.87 – $6.59 | -80.42% | — | Sales × peer 4.25× − ND | med |
| Earnings power | intrinsic | $5.73 | $5.04 – $6.41 | -80.42% | — | NOPAT / WACC, no growth | med |
| Graham revised | intrinsic | $8.05 | $6.84 – $9.26 | -72.48% | — | EPS×(8.5+2g)·4.4/Y | low |
| Lynch P/E=g | intrinsic | $4.80 | $4.08 – $5.52 | -83.59% | — | PE = g (-3.0) | low |
| Book NAV | asset | $16.36 | $15.55 – $17.18 | -44.05% | 21.1% | (Assets − Liabilities) / Shares | high |
| Liquidation | asset | $6.85 | $5.82 – $7.87 | -76.59% | 5.3% | Cash 100% + non-cash 70% − Liab. | low |
| Reverse DCF | reverse | — | — | — | — | Implied g 1.2% · Conservative — modest implied growth | high |
Cost-of-capital build-up
CAPM cost of equity, after-tax cost of debt, WACC. Risk-free as of 2026-05-12.
| Risk-free rate (US 10y Treasury)rf | 4.46% |
| Equity beta (0.86)β | × 0.86 |
| Equity risk premiumERP | 4.46% |
| Cost of equity (CAPM)kₑ | 8.29% |
| Pre-tax cost of debtkd | 4.22% |
| Effective tax ratet | 0.0% |
| After-tax cost of debt | 4.22% |
| Equity weight$9.6B | 53.3% |
| Debt weight$8.4B | 46.7% |
| WACC | 6.39% |
Growth assumptions
Blended forward growth used as DCF default; terminal pegged to long-run nominal GDP.
| Analyst forward revenue growthFMP | 4.47% |
| Analyst forward EPS growthFMP | -19.51% |
| Historical 5y revenue CAGRFY | 8.13% |
| Historical 5y EPS CAGRFY | 20.86% |
| Sustainable g (ROE × retention)Δ | 0.00% |
| Blended near-term growth (g₀) | -2.97% |
| Terminal growth (gₗ) | 2.78% |
Sources
- FMP /analyst-estimates— 8 rows(as of 2021-12-30)
- Treasury rates · 10y— 4.46% rf(as of 2026-05-12)
- market_risk_premium · DB— 4.46% ERP(as of 2026-05-13)
- Sector multiple defaults— Real Estate (live sector PE unavailable)
- FMP /price-target-consensus— mean $32.22
This page is generated by a quantitative valuation engine for research purposes only and does not constitute investment advice. Methodology follows standard CFA / Damodaran frameworks; assumptions are driven by analyst consensus from Financial Modeling Prep and reported financial statements.