Explain this page
Arphra AIPlain-English read on Eversource Energy’s valuationRatios & metrics
Profitability, returns on capital, growth, and credit — all derived from the historical income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow rows in our data warehouse.
Valuation multiples
Price- and EV-based multiples plus shareholder yields. Snapshot at each fiscal year-end from key_metrics (FMP).
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headline | |||||||||
| Market cap | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Enterprise value | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Multiples | |||||||||
| P / E | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| P / B | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / EBITDA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / Sales | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / FCF | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yields | |||||||||
| Earnings yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Free cash flow yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dividend yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Profitability
Margin structure across the last 5 fiscal years
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Margins | |||||||||
| Gross margin | +48.17% | +44.02% | +40.69% | +31.12% | +30.13% | +34.10% | +33.63% | +33.45% | +33.73% |
| Operating margin | +20.21% | +17.89% | +20.14% | +22.74% | +22.06% | +22.15% | +22.07% | +21.13% | +21.59% |
| EBITDA margin | +35.36% | +34.07% | +11.72% | +34.72% | +39.81% | +28.22% | +28.76% | +29.06% | +28.68% |
| EBIT margin | +21.85% | +20.70% | +4.87% | +19.79% | +22.06% | +15.84% | +15.64% | +15.44% | +15.76% |
| Pre-tax margin | +15.94% | +15.18% | -2.31% | +10.45% | +13.58% | +7.37% | +7.20% | +7.44% | +7.40% |
| Net margin | +12.37% | +11.43% | -3.71% | +6.82% | +12.49% | +5.19% | +5.35% | +5.33% | +5.15% |
| Cost structure | |||||||||
| Cost of revenue / sales | +51.83% | +55.98% | +59.31% | +68.88% | +69.87% | +67.49% | +65.49% | +65.33% | +66.07% |
| R&D intensity | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| SG&A intensity | -0.86% | -1.79% | -1.12% | 0.00% | 0.00% | -0.37% | -0.38% | -0.37% | -0.38% |
| Effective tax rate | +21.89% | +24.31% | — | +34.14% | +7.62% | +20.92% | +21.38% | +20.93% | +20.09% |
Returns on capital
ROE / ROA / ROC / ROIC over the relevant capital base, plus the 3-step DuPont decomposition of ROE.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Returns | |||||||||
| Return on equity (ROE) | +8.27% | +8.99% | -3.09% | +5.34% | +10.35% | +4.27% | +4.27% | +4.29% | +4.24% |
| Return on assets (ROA) | +2.52% | +2.64% | -0.80% | +1.36% | +2.65% | +1.09% | +1.12% | +1.10% | +1.08% |
| Return on capital (ROC) | +5.70% | +5.70% | +5.84% | +6.11% | +6.41% | +6.18% | +6.31% | +5.95% | +6.09% |
| Return on invested capital (ROIC) | +3.49% | +3.64% | +4.38% | +1.83% | +3.63% | +1.45% | +1.53% | +1.50% | +1.45% |
| Asset turnover | +20.34% | +23.09% | +21.42% | +19.97% | +21.24% | +20.97% | +20.90% | +20.66% | +20.91% |
| DuPont · ROE decomposition | |||||||||
| Net margin | +12.37% | +11.43% | -3.71% | +6.82% | +12.49% | +5.19% | +5.35% | +5.33% | +5.15% |
| Asset turnover (× revenue / assets) | +20.34% | +23.09% | +21.42% | +19.97% | +21.24% | +20.97% | +20.90% | +20.66% | +20.91% |
| Equity multiplier (× assets / equity) | +328.64% | +340.60% | +388.10% | +392.20% | +390.07% | +392.36% | +381.49% | +389.65% | +393.80% |
Activity & efficiency
Turnover ratios and days-outstanding — how efficiently the business converts assets and working capital into sales and cash.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnover | |||||||||
| Asset turnover | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 |
| Fixed-asset turnover | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.29 | — | — | — | — |
| Inventory turnover | 19.11 | 18.37 | 13.92 | 13.79 | 19.26 | — | — | — | — |
| Receivables turnover | 6.86 | 7.00 | 7.19 | 6.29 | 6.38 | — | — | — | — |
| Payables turnover | 3.06 | 3.25 | 3.78 | 4.72 | 5.09 | — | — | — | — |
| Days outstanding | |||||||||
| Days sales outstanding (DSO) | 53.18 | 52.16 | 50.77 | 58.07 | 57.18 | — | — | — | — |
| Days inventory outstanding (DIO) | 19.10 | 19.86 | 26.21 | 26.48 | 18.96 | — | — | — | — |
| Days payables outstanding (DPO) | 119.40 | 112.16 | 96.58 | 77.34 | 71.71 | — | — | — | — |
| Cash conversion cycle | -47.12 | -40.14 | -19.60 | 7.21 | 4.42 | — | — | — | — |
Cash flow quality
How well reported earnings translate into operating and free cash flow, plus reinvestment intensity.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating CF / Net income | 1.61 | 1.71 | -3.72 | 2.66 | 2.43 | 3.94 | 3.80 | 3.84 | 4.09 |
| FCF / Net income | -0.99 | -0.74 | 6.08 | -2.86 | -0.03 | -2.74 | -2.69 | -2.72 | -2.74 |
| FCF margin | -12.29% | -8.47% | -22.59% | -19.50% | -0.33% | -14.22% | -14.37% | -14.51% | -14.12% |
| OCF margin | +19.90% | +19.54% | +13.82% | +18.15% | +30.36% | +20.45% | +20.31% | +20.46% | +21.08% |
| CapEx / Revenue | +32.19% | +28.01% | +36.41% | +37.65% | +30.70% | +34.77% | +34.35% | +35.39% | +34.74% |
| CapEx / D&A | 2.38 | 2.09 | 5.32 | 2.52 | 1.73 | — | — | — | — |
| Stock-based comp / Revenue | 0.00% | +0.27% | +0.23% | 0.00% | 0.00% | — | — | — | — |
Per-share & shareholder yield
EPS, book value, sales, cash flow and dividends per share — plus payout / retention.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPS · diluted | 3.54 | 4.05 | -1.27 | 2.27 | 4.56 | 4.68 | 4.94 | 5.25 | 5.55 |
| EPS · basic | 3.55 | 4.05 | -1.27 | 2.27 | 4.56 | 4.74 | 4.98 | 5.24 | 5.60 |
| Book value / share | 42.82 | 45.01 | 40.99 | 42.51 | 44.05 | 43.79 | 46.66 | 49.24 | 51.40 |
| Tangible BV / share | 29.82 | 31.98 | 28.03 | 32.52 | 32.64 | 43.79 | 46.66 | 49.24 | 51.40 |
| Sales / share | 28.62 | 35.39 | 34.07 | 33.29 | 36.49 | 36.03 | 37.20 | 39.64 | 42.33 |
| Operating CF / share | 5.69 | 6.92 | 4.71 | 6.04 | 11.08 | 7.37 | 7.56 | 8.11 | 8.92 |
| Free cash flow / share | -3.52 | -3.00 | -7.70 | -6.49 | -0.12 | -5.12 | -5.35 | -5.75 | -5.98 |
| Dividends / share | 2.34 | 2.48 | 2.63 | 2.80 | 2.94 | 2.89 | 3.01 | 3.17 | 3.40 |
| Payout ratio | +65.99% | +61.22% | -207.80% | +123.39% | +64.59% | +154.73% | +151.45% | +149.96% | +156.08% |
| Retention ratio | +34.01% | +38.78% | +307.80% | -23.39% | +35.41% | -54.73% | -51.45% | -49.96% | -56.08% |
Growth
Year-over-year change for headline P&L lines, plus through-cycle CAGR
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 8y CAGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top-line | ||||||||||
| Revenue · YoY | — | +24.60% | -3.08% | -0.08% | +13.83% | -1.13% | +3.50% | +6.51% | +5.51% | +5.88% |
| Gross profit · YoY | — | +13.87% | -10.41% | -23.59% | +10.20% | +11.90% | +2.08% | +5.94% | +6.37% | +1.27% |
| Profit | ||||||||||
| Operating income · YoY | — | +10.28% | +9.15% | +12.77% | +10.45% | -0.72% | +3.14% | +1.95% | +7.81% | +6.76% |
| EBITDA · YoY | — | +20.06% | -66.66% | +195.93% | +30.53% | -29.91% | +5.47% | +7.62% | +4.12% | +3.14% |
| Net income · YoY | — | +15.10% | -131.48% | +283.53% | +108.51% | -58.94% | +6.72% | +6.16% | +1.96% | -5.10% |
| Operating | ||||||||||
| EBIT · YoY | — | +18.08% | -77.19% | +305.78% | +26.89% | -29.01% | +2.22% | +5.14% | +7.69% | +1.65% |
| R&D · YoY | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Per-share | ||||||||||
| EPS · diluted · YoY | — | +14.41% | -131.36% | +278.74% | +100.88% | +2.64% | +5.65% | +6.21% | +5.64% | +5.78% |
| EPS · basic · YoY | — | +14.08% | -131.36% | +278.74% | +100.88% | +3.93% | +4.98% | +5.40% | +6.86% | +5.87% |
Credit & leverage
Balance-sheet health + interest coverage + liquidity. Coverage ratios use period-end debt and trailing interest expense.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leverage | |||||||||
| Total debt | $20.22B | $22.94B | $26.75B | $29.11B | $30.28B | $31.73B | $31.09B | $34.13B | $36.32B |
| Net debt | $20.15B | $22.57B | $26.7B | $29.09B | $30.15B | $31.65B | $31.01B | $34.04B | $36.23B |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 5.78 | 5.39 | 19.12 | 7.04 | 5.59 | 8.37 | 7.78 | 7.93 | 8.11 |
| Debt / equity | 1.37 | 1.47 | 1.87 | 1.92 | 1.85 | 1.95 | 1.79 | 1.86 | 1.92 |
| Debt / assets | +41.70% | +43.10% | +48.11% | +48.85% | +47.47% | +49.67% | +46.87% | +47.76% | +48.76% |
| Equity / assets | +30.43% | +29.36% | +25.77% | +25.50% | +25.64% | +25.49% | +26.21% | +25.66% | +25.39% |
| Coverage | |||||||||
| EBITDA / interest expense | 5.99 | 6.17 | 1.63 | 3.72 | 4.34 | 3.37 | 3.31 | 3.42 | 3.40 |
| Operating income / interest | 3.42 | 3.24 | 2.80 | 2.43 | 2.40 | 2.65 | 2.54 | 2.48 | 2.56 |
| Interest expense | $582.33M | $678.27M | $855.44M | $1.11B | $1.24B | $1.12B | $1.21B | $1.26B | $1.31B |
| Liquidity | |||||||||
| Current ratio | 0.56 | 0.62 | 0.67 | 0.76 | 0.65 | — | — | — | — |
| Quick ratio | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.29 | — | — | — | — |
| Cash ratio | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | — | — | — | — |
| Working capital | -$2.58B | -$2.58B | -$2.09B | -$1.64B | -$2.73B | — | — | — | — |
| Working capital / revenue | -26.13% | -20.96% | -17.58% | -13.82% | -20.16% | — | — | — | — |
Methodology. ROE / ROA / ROC use period-end balance-sheet denominators (no average-of- period smoothing). ROIC = Operating Income × (1 − inferred effective tax rate) over invested capital, with the effective tax inferred from net-to-operating income when both are positive and a 25% default otherwise. Net debt / EBITDA, debt ratios, and interest-coverage ratios are calculated point-in-time at each fiscal year-end. TTM = trailing 4 quarters (income / cash flow summed, balance sheet = most-recent quarterly snapshot). Through-cycle CAGR in the Growth panel uses the geometric mean of first-to-last period growth across the window (positive values only).