Ratios & metrics
Profitability, returns on capital, growth, and credit — all derived from the historical income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow rows in our data warehouse.
Valuation multiples
Price- and EV-based multiples plus shareholder yields. Snapshot at each fiscal year-end from key_metrics (FMP).
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headline | |||||||
| Market cap | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Enterprise value | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Multiples | |||||||
| P / E | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| P / B | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / EBITDA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / Sales | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / FCF | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yields | |||||||
| Earnings yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Free cash flow yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dividend yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Profitability
Margin structure across the last 5 fiscal years
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Margins | |||||||
| Gross margin | +100.00% | +100.00% | +100.00% | +100.00% | +87.67% | +94.42% | +93.34% |
| Operating margin | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | +24.22% | +8.20% | +8.04% |
| EBITDA margin | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | +42.92% | +14.61% | +13.88% |
| EBIT margin | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | +42.36% | +14.29% | +14.02% |
| Pre-tax margin | +44.60% | +45.66% | +91.92% | -1888.25% | -60.58% | -602.24% | -605.96% |
| Net margin | +53.23% | +50.68% | +87.05% | -1593.02% | -45.83% | -529.60% | -531.67% |
| Cost structure | |||||||
| Cost of revenue / sales | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | +12.33% | +4.12% | +4.04% |
| R&D intensity | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| SG&A intensity | +24.21% | +22.92% | +24.69% | +360.97% | +6.17% | +127.30% | +134.41% |
| Effective tax rate | +11.24% | +8.84% | +2.00% | — | — | — | — |
Returns on capital
ROE / ROA / ROC / ROIC over the relevant capital base, plus the 3-step DuPont decomposition of ROE.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Returns | |||||||
| Return on equity (ROE) | +12.32% | +10.23% | +12.83% | -22.51% | -13.86% | -18.97% | -18.25% |
| Return on assets (ROA) | +1.65% | +1.67% | +2.73% | -4.30% | -2.95% | -3.69% | -3.73% |
| Return on capital (ROC) | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | +1.61% | +0.07% | +0.07% |
| Return on invested capital (ROIC) | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | +1.21% | +0.05% | +0.05% |
| Asset turnover | +3.11% | +3.30% | +3.13% | +0.27% | +6.43% | +0.70% | +0.70% |
| DuPont · ROE decomposition | |||||||
| Net margin | +53.23% | +50.68% | +87.05% | -1593.02% | -45.83% | -529.60% | -531.67% |
| Asset turnover (× revenue / assets) | +3.11% | +3.30% | +3.13% | +0.27% | +6.43% | +0.70% | +0.70% |
| Equity multiplier (× assets / equity) | +744.50% | +612.08% | +470.05% | +523.93% | +470.43% | +514.01% | +488.83% |
Activity & efficiency
Turnover ratios and days-outstanding — how efficiently the business converts assets and working capital into sales and cash.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnover | |||||||
| Asset turnover | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Fixed-asset turnover | 123.37 | 227.23 | 153.58 | 3.72 | — | — | — |
| Inventory turnover | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | — | — | — |
| Receivables turnover | 3.58 | 0.04 | 2.97 | 0.11 | 5.19 | — | — |
| Payables turnover | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.03 | — | — |
| Days outstanding | |||||||
| Days sales outstanding (DSO) | 101.95 | 9598.12 | 122.89 | 3304.12 | 70.28 | — | — |
| Days inventory outstanding (DIO) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Days payables outstanding (DPO) | — | — | — | — | 353.67 | — | — |
| Cash conversion cycle | — | — | — | — | -283.39 | — | — |
Cash flow quality
How well reported earnings translate into operating and free cash flow, plus reinvestment intensity.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating CF / Net income | -0.22 | 1.85 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.89 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
| FCF / Net income | -23.70 | 1.85 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.89 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
| FCF margin | -1261.83% | +93.69% | +8.48% | -187.25% | -40.74% | -73.92% | -73.32% |
| OCF margin | -11.62% | +93.69% | +8.48% | -187.25% | -40.74% | -73.28% | -72.01% |
| CapEx / Revenue | +1250.21% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| CapEx / D&A | 231.42 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | — |
| Stock-based comp / Revenue | +2.34% | +1.96% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | — | — |
Per-share & shareholder yield
EPS, book value, sales, cash flow and dividends per share — plus payout / retention.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPS · diluted | 1.54 | 1.51 | 2.23 | -2.63 | -1.44 | -0.51 | -0.28 |
| EPS · basic | 2.17 | 1.32 | 2.26 | -2.63 | -1.44 | -0.51 | -0.28 |
| Book value / share | 18.65 | 16.20 | 17.82 | 11.36 | 9.87 | 49.97 | 63.23 |
| Tangible BV / share | 15.00 | 15.00 | 16.74 | 10.09 | 8.60 | 49.97 | 63.23 |
| Sales / share | 4.32 | 3.27 | 2.62 | 0.16 | 2.99 | 1.79 | 2.17 |
| Operating CF / share | -0.50 | 3.06 | 0.22 | -0.30 | -1.22 | -1.31 | -1.56 |
| Free cash flow / share | -54.46 | 3.06 | 0.22 | -0.30 | -1.22 | -1.32 | -1.59 |
| Dividends / share | 1.63 | 1.60 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Payout ratio | +70.95% | +96.69% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Retention ratio | +29.05% | +3.31% | +100.00% | +100.00% | +100.00% | +100.00% | +100.00% |
Growth
Year-over-year change for headline P&L lines, plus through-cycle CAGR
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 6y CAGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top-line | ||||||||
| Revenue · YoY | — | +29.36% | +1.72% | -92.99% | +1725.96% | -39.89% | +20.67% | +3.41% |
| Gross profit · YoY | — | +29.36% | +1.72% | -92.99% | +1500.74% | -35.25% | +19.28% | +2.23% |
| Profit | ||||||||
| Operating income · YoY | — | — | — | — | — | -79.65% | +18.32% | — |
| EBITDA · YoY | — | — | — | — | — | -79.54% | +14.64% | — |
| Net income · YoY | — | +23.15% | +74.74% | -228.37% | +47.47% | -594.63% | -21.14% | — |
| Operating | ||||||||
| EBIT · YoY | — | — | — | — | — | -79.72% | +18.38% | — |
| R&D · YoY | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Per-share | ||||||||
| EPS · diluted · YoY | — | -1.95% | +47.68% | -217.94% | +45.25% | +64.72% | +45.54% | — |
| EPS · basic · YoY | — | -39.17% | +71.21% | -216.37% | +45.25% | +64.50% | +46.18% | — |
Credit & leverage
Balance-sheet health + interest coverage + liquidity. Coverage ratios use period-end debt and trailing interest expense.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leverage | |||||||
| Total debt | $7.92B | $9.34B | $7.24B | $6.04B | $5.86B | $25.78B | $29.41B |
| Net debt | $7.69B | $9.17B | $7.11B | $5.89B | $5.62B | $25.16B | $28.68B |
| Net debt / EBITDA | — | — | — | — | 26.19 | 573.65 | 570.44 |
| Debt / equity | 6.18 | 4.92 | 2.74 | 3.12 | 3.55 | 3.08 | 2.79 |
| Debt / assets | +83.06% | +80.35% | +58.23% | +59.51% | +75.46% | +59.83% | +57.00% |
| Equity / assets | +13.43% | +16.34% | +21.27% | +19.09% | +21.26% | +19.45% | +20.46% |
| Coverage | |||||||
| EBITDA / interest expense | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.42 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Operating income / interest | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Interest expense | $213.56M | $400.77M | $716.47M | $696.46M | $514.13M | $2.9B | $3.52B |
| Liquidity | |||||||
| Current ratio | 0.36 | 0.63 | 0.79 | — | 1.04 | — | — |
| Quick ratio | 0.48 | 22.64 | 0.79 | — | 1.72 | — | — |
| Cash ratio | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.40 | — | 1.24 | — | — |
| Working capital | -$418.56M | -$167.82M | -$72.23M | $0 | $7.71M | — | — |
| Working capital / revenue | -141.24% | -43.78% | -18.52% | 0.00% | +1.54% | — | — |
Methodology. ROE / ROA / ROC use period-end balance-sheet denominators (no average-of- period smoothing). ROIC = Operating Income × (1 − inferred effective tax rate) over invested capital, with the effective tax inferred from net-to-operating income when both are positive and a 25% default otherwise. Net debt / EBITDA, debt ratios, and interest-coverage ratios are calculated point-in-time at each fiscal year-end. TTM = trailing 4 quarters (income / cash flow summed, balance sheet = most-recent quarterly snapshot). Through-cycle CAGR in the Growth panel uses the geometric mean of first-to-last period growth across the window (positive values only).