Explain this page
Arphra AIPlain-English read on Duke Energy Corporation’s valuationRatios & metrics
Profitability, returns on capital, growth, and credit — all derived from the historical income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow rows in our data warehouse.
Valuation multiples
Price- and EV-based multiples plus shareholder yields. Snapshot at each fiscal year-end from key_metrics (FMP).
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headline | |||||||||
| Market cap | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Enterprise value | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Multiples | |||||||||
| P / E | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| P / B | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / EBITDA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / Sales | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / FCF | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yields | |||||||||
| Earnings yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Free cash flow yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dividend yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Profitability
Margin structure across the last 5 fiscal years
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Margins | |||||||||
| Gross margin | +48.57% | +45.11% | +47.34% | +50.06% | +31.56% | +42.30% | +43.36% | +43.03% | +43.09% |
| Operating margin | +22.34% | +20.90% | +24.33% | +26.11% | +26.61% | +25.07% | +25.81% | +25.26% | +25.08% |
| EBITDA margin | +48.17% | +42.96% | +47.71% | +49.40% | +48.61% | +49.32% | +49.44% | +47.41% | +49.66% |
| EBIT margin | +25.17% | +22.65% | +26.78% | +28.26% | +28.99% | +27.79% | +27.69% | +28.58% | +27.57% |
| Pre-tax margin | +16.21% | +14.18% | +16.40% | +17.11% | +17.72% | +17.39% | +17.29% | +17.37% | +16.75% |
| Net margin | +15.87% | +8.86% | +14.78% | +14.86% | +15.41% | +14.69% | +14.62% | +14.95% | +15.03% |
| Cost structure | |||||||||
| Cost of revenue / sales | +51.43% | +54.89% | +52.66% | +49.94% | +68.44% | +55.64% | +57.23% | +56.85% | +58.58% |
| R&D intensity | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| SG&A intensity | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Effective tax rate | +6.72% | +7.36% | +9.19% | +11.36% | +11.24% | +10.48% | +10.30% | +10.53% | +11.09% |
Returns on capital
ROE / ROA / ROC / ROIC over the relevant capital base, plus the 3-step DuPont decomposition of ROE.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Returns | |||||||||
| Return on equity (ROE) | +7.64% | +4.92% | +8.56% | +8.80% | +9.37% | +8.96% | +8.68% | +8.86% | +8.66% |
| Return on assets (ROA) | +2.30% | +1.43% | +2.43% | +2.42% | +2.54% | +2.45% | +2.33% | +2.43% | +2.47% |
| Return on capital (ROC) | +4.61% | +4.74% | +5.41% | +5.81% | +5.96% | +5.57% | +5.82% | +5.65% | +5.47% |
| Return on invested capital (ROIC) | +3.27% | +2.01% | +3.29% | +3.30% | +3.45% | +3.26% | +3.30% | +3.34% | +3.28% |
| Asset turnover | +14.52% | +16.15% | +16.43% | +16.29% | +16.47% | +16.66% | +15.94% | +16.24% | +16.45% |
| DuPont · ROE decomposition | |||||||||
| Net margin | +15.87% | +8.86% | +14.78% | +14.86% | +15.41% | +14.69% | +14.62% | +14.95% | +15.03% |
| Asset turnover (× revenue / assets) | +14.52% | +16.15% | +16.43% | +16.29% | +16.47% | +16.66% | +15.94% | +16.24% | +16.45% |
| Equity multiplier (× assets / equity) | +331.64% | +343.44% | +352.47% | +363.56% | +369.18% | +366.04% | +372.45% | +364.96% | +350.38% |
Activity & efficiency
Turnover ratios and days-outstanding — how efficiently the business converts assets and working capital into sales and cash.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnover | |||||||||
| Asset turnover | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
| Fixed-asset turnover | 0.23 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.25 | — | — | — | — |
| Inventory turnover | 4.07 | 4.41 | 3.57 | 3.36 | 4.83 | — | — | — | — |
| Receivables turnover | 6.99 | 6.52 | 7.03 | 6.50 | 7.65 | — | — | — | — |
| Payables turnover | 3.59 | 3.32 | 3.62 | 2.77 | 4.22 | — | — | — | — |
| Days outstanding | |||||||||
| Days sales outstanding (DSO) | 52.21 | 56.02 | 51.89 | 56.17 | 47.71 | — | — | — | — |
| Days inventory outstanding (DIO) | 89.67 | 82.84 | 102.36 | 108.56 | 75.59 | — | — | — | — |
| Days payables outstanding (DPO) | 101.78 | 109.88 | 100.84 | 131.92 | 86.41 | — | — | — | — |
| Cash conversion cycle | 40.11 | 28.97 | 53.41 | 32.82 | 36.89 | — | — | — | — |
Cash flow quality
How well reported earnings translate into operating and free cash flow, plus reinvestment intensity.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating CF / Net income | 2.12 | 2.32 | 2.30 | 2.73 | 2.49 | 2.54 | 2.58 | 2.49 | 2.53 |
| FCF / Net income | -0.36 | -2.13 | -0.63 | 0.01 | -0.34 | -0.32 | -0.32 | -0.32 | -0.31 |
| FCF margin | -5.79% | -18.91% | -9.38% | +0.16% | -5.19% | -4.72% | -4.74% | -4.85% | -4.72% |
| OCF margin | +33.67% | +20.60% | +33.99% | +40.61% | +38.32% | +37.28% | +37.72% | +37.25% | +38.06% |
| CapEx / Revenue | +39.46% | +39.51% | +43.37% | +40.45% | +43.50% | +41.34% | +43.71% | +42.26% | +42.04% |
| CapEx / D&A | 1.72 | 1.95 | 2.07 | 1.91 | 2.22 | — | — | — | — |
| Stock-based comp / Revenue | +0.34% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | — | — | — | — |
Per-share & shareholder yield
EPS, book value, sales, cash flow and dividends per share — plus payout / retention.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPS · diluted | 4.94 | 3.17 | 5.43 | 5.71 | 6.31 | 6.70 | 7.17 | 7.66 | 8.17 |
| EPS · basic | 4.94 | 3.17 | 5.43 | 5.71 | 6.31 | 6.80 | 7.10 | 7.58 | 8.24 |
| Book value / share | 66.50 | 67.34 | 65.09 | 66.39 | 68.24 | 70.72 | 75.07 | 78.94 | 83.05 |
| Tangible BV / share | 41.40 | 42.27 | 40.06 | 41.39 | 43.77 | 70.72 | 75.07 | 78.94 | 83.05 |
| Sales / share | 32.02 | 37.36 | 37.69 | 39.32 | 41.49 | 43.12 | 44.56 | 46.79 | 47.88 |
| Operating CF / share | 10.78 | 7.70 | 12.81 | 15.97 | 15.90 | 16.07 | 16.81 | 17.43 | 18.22 |
| Free cash flow / share | -1.85 | -7.06 | -3.54 | 0.06 | -2.15 | -2.03 | -2.11 | -2.27 | -2.26 |
| Dividends / share | 4.05 | 4.13 | 4.21 | 4.16 | 4.25 | 4.60 | 4.77 | 4.96 | 5.24 |
| Payout ratio | +79.68% | +124.67% | +75.51% | +71.24% | +66.43% | +72.56% | +73.28% | +70.88% | +72.82% |
| Retention ratio | +20.32% | -24.67% | +24.49% | +28.76% | +33.57% | +27.44% | +26.72% | +29.12% | +27.18% |
Growth
Year-over-year change for headline P&L lines, plus through-cycle CAGR
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 8y CAGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top-line | ||||||||||
| Revenue · YoY | — | +16.84% | +1.02% | +4.46% | +6.19% | +3.64% | +4.25% | +4.34% | +2.88% | +5.36% |
| Gross profit · YoY | — | +8.51% | +6.01% | +10.48% | -33.05% | +38.91% | +6.87% | +3.54% | +3.02% | +3.80% |
| Profit | ||||||||||
| Operating income · YoY | — | +9.31% | +17.60% | +12.11% | +8.21% | -2.32% | +7.30% | +2.13% | +2.14% | +6.90% |
| EBITDA · YoY | — | +4.21% | +12.18% | +8.16% | +4.49% | +5.17% | +4.50% | +0.05% | +7.77% | +5.76% |
| Net income · YoY | — | -34.75% | +68.47% | +4.98% | +10.16% | -1.19% | +3.76% | +6.65% | +3.46% | +4.65% |
| Operating | ||||||||||
| EBIT · YoY | — | +5.15% | +19.40% | +10.24% | +8.95% | -0.67% | +3.90% | +7.69% | -0.77% | +6.56% |
| R&D · YoY | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Per-share | ||||||||||
| EPS · diluted · YoY | — | -35.83% | +71.29% | +5.16% | +10.51% | +6.21% | +6.97% | +6.80% | +6.65% | +6.48% |
| EPS · basic · YoY | — | -35.83% | +71.29% | +5.16% | +10.51% | +7.80% | +4.38% | +6.69% | +8.75% | +6.60% |
Credit & leverage
Balance-sheet health + interest coverage + liquidity. Coverage ratios use period-end debt and trailing interest expense.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leverage | |||||||||
| Total debt | $68.26B | $74.91B | $80.46B | $85.23B | $90.87B | $95.63B | $95.8B | $101.17B | $106.46B |
| Net debt | $67.92B | $74.5B | $80.2B | $84.92B | $90.62B | $95.33B | $95.49B | $100.85B | $106.13B |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 5.73 | 6.03 | 5.78 | 5.66 | 5.78 | 5.78 | 5.54 | 5.85 | 5.72 |
| Debt / equity | 1.33 | 1.44 | 1.60 | 1.66 | 1.71 | 1.75 | 1.63 | 1.65 | 1.64 |
| Debt / assets | +40.25% | +42.06% | +45.48% | +45.74% | +46.42% | +47.68% | +43.83% | +45.21% | +46.84% |
| Equity / assets | +30.15% | +29.12% | +28.37% | +27.51% | +27.09% | +27.32% | +26.85% | +27.40% | +28.54% |
| Coverage | |||||||||
| EBITDA / interest expense | 5.37 | 5.07 | 4.60 | 4.43 | 4.31 | 4.62 | 4.59 | 4.37 | 4.49 |
| Operating income / interest | 2.49 | 2.46 | 2.35 | 2.34 | 2.36 | 2.35 | 2.39 | 2.33 | 2.27 |
| Interest expense | $2.21B | $2.44B | $3.01B | $3.38B | $3.63B | $3.56B | $3.75B | $3.94B | $4.13B |
| Liquidity | |||||||||
| Current ratio | 0.62 | 0.70 | 0.74 | 0.67 | 0.55 | — | — | — | — |
| Quick ratio | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.21 | — | — | — | — |
| Cash ratio | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | — | — | — | — |
| Working capital | -$5.99B | -$5.65B | -$4.51B | -$6.41B | -$9.43B | — | — | — | — |
| Working capital / revenue | -24.33% | -19.64% | -15.53% | -21.11% | -29.26% | — | — | — | — |
Methodology. ROE / ROA / ROC use period-end balance-sheet denominators (no average-of- period smoothing). ROIC = Operating Income × (1 − inferred effective tax rate) over invested capital, with the effective tax inferred from net-to-operating income when both are positive and a 25% default otherwise. Net debt / EBITDA, debt ratios, and interest-coverage ratios are calculated point-in-time at each fiscal year-end. TTM = trailing 4 quarters (income / cash flow summed, balance sheet = most-recent quarterly snapshot). Through-cycle CAGR in the Growth panel uses the geometric mean of first-to-last period growth across the window (positive values only).