Overview
Discounted cash flow
Income / accounting-based
Multiples & assets
Scenario
Toolbox
Weighted blend
$1,629.76
+831.35% vs spot
Strong Buy
Spot price
$174.99
Mkt cap $22.93B
subtle cardAnalyst PT consensus
$231.25
+32.15% vs spot
subtle cardMethods covered
17 / 19
12 in blend
subtle cardFootball field
VRSK · fair-value range by method
Method comparison
VRSK · fair value by valuation framework
| Method | Category | Fair value | Range | vs spot | Weight | Driver | Conf. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DCF · FCFF | dcf | $4,950.72 | $1,411.90 – $5,612.79 | +2729.15% | 23.4% | WACC 2.9%, g₀=25.0%, gₗ=2.4% | high |
| DCF · FCFE | dcf | $381.42 | $280.89 – $538.56 | +117.96% | 19.1% | kₑ 7.7%, g₀=25.0%, gₗ=2.4% | high |
| DDM · Gordon | ddm | $35.82 | $30.13 – $44.16 | -79.53% | — | D₁ 1.85, kₑ 7.7%, gₗ 2.4% | med |
| DDM · H-model | ddm | $75.34 | $58.96 – $99.36 | -56.95% | — | D₀ 1.85, g₀=25.0%, gₗ=2.4%, H 5y | med |
| DDM · multi-stage | ddm | $58.37 | $49.62 – $67.13 | -66.64% | 4.3% | 5y schedule 25.0% → 2.4%, kₑ 7.7% | high |
| Residual income | income | $63.31 | $55.72 – $70.91 | -63.82% | 12.8% | BV 2.28, ROE 293.2% → kₑ | high |
| EVA / MVA | income | $3,891.31 | $3,424.35 – $4,358.26 | +2123.73% | 8.5% | IC 3.2B, WACC 2.9% | high |
| P/E · sector | multiple | $181.72 | $159.91 – $203.53 | +3.85% | 10.6% | EPS 6.49 × peer P/E 28.0 | med |
| P/S · sector | multiple | $135.96 | $115.56 – $156.35 | -22.31% | — | Rev/sh 22.66 × peer P/S 6.00 | med |
| EV / EBITDA | multiple | $227.92 | $200.57 – $255.27 | +30.25% | 10.6% | EBITDA × peer 20.0× − ND 2.9B | high |
| EV / EBIT | multiple | $221.35 | $188.15 – $254.55 | +26.49% | — | EBIT × peer 24.0× − ND | med |
| EV / Sales | multiple | $94.48 | $80.31 – $108.65 | -46.01% | 5.3% | Sales × peer 5.10× − ND | med |
| PEG-anchored | multiple | $115.95 | $98.56 – $133.34 | -33.74% | — | PEG=1, fwd EPS g 17.9% | med |
| Earnings power | intrinsic | $246.43 | $216.86 – $276.01 | +40.83% | 1.1% | NOPAT / WACC, no growth | med |
| Graham revised | intrinsic | $310.53 | $263.95 – $357.11 | +77.46% | 1.1% | EPS×(8.5+2g)·4.4/Y | low |
| Lynch P/E=g | intrinsic | $162.25 | $137.91 – $186.59 | -7.28% | 1.1% | PE = g (25.0) | low |
| Book NAV | asset | $2.28 | $2.17 – $2.40 | -98.69% | 2.1% | (Assets − Liabilities) / Shares | high |
| Liquidation | asset | — | — | — | — | Cash 100% + non-cash 70% − Liab. | low |
| Reverse DCF | reverse | — | — | — | — | Implied g -20.0% · Pessimistic — market pricing decline | high |
Cost-of-capital build-up
CAPM cost of equity, after-tax cost of debt, WACC. Risk-free as of 2026-05-12.
| Risk-free rate (US 10y Treasury)rf | 4.46% |
| Equity beta (0.73)β | × 0.73 |
| Equity risk premiumERP | 4.46% |
| Cost of equity (CAPM)kₑ | 7.70% |
| Pre-tax cost of debtkd | 3.39% |
| Effective tax ratet | 23.1% |
| After-tax cost of debt | 2.61% |
| Equity weight$0.3B | 5.8% |
| Debt weight$5.0B | 94.2% |
| WACC | 2.90% |
Growth assumptions
Blended forward growth used as DCF default; terminal pegged to long-run nominal GDP.
| Analyst forward revenue growthFMP | 4.73% |
| Analyst forward EPS growthFMP | 17.87% |
| Historical 5y revenue CAGRFY | 5.69% |
| Historical 5y EPS CAGRFY | 12.30% |
| Sustainable g (ROE × retention)Δ | 212.14% |
| Blended near-term growth (g₀) | 25.00% |
| Terminal growth (gₗ) | 2.40% |
Sources
- FMP /analyst-estimates— 8 rows(as of 2023-12-31)
- Treasury rates · 10y— 4.46% rf(as of 2026-05-12)
- market_risk_premium · DB— 4.46% ERP(as of 2026-05-13)
- Sector multiple defaults— Technology (live sector PE unavailable)
- FMP /price-target-consensus— mean $231.25
This page is generated by a quantitative valuation engine for research purposes only and does not constitute investment advice. Methodology follows standard CFA / Damodaran frameworks; assumptions are driven by analyst consensus from Financial Modeling Prep and reported financial statements.