Explain this page
Arphra AIPlain-English read on Centerspace’s valuationRatios & metrics
Profitability, returns on capital, growth, and credit — all derived from the historical income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow rows in our data warehouse.
Quality composite
CMixed
A snapshot of the latest fiscal year’s margins, returns on capital, balance-sheet strength and efficiency, computed from the income statement, balance sheet and cash-flow rows. Source income / balance / cash_flow.
Profitability
Gross margin3.0%
Operating margin29.2%
Net margin5.0%
ROE2.1%
ROA0.9%
ROIC4.2%
Liquidity & leverage
Current ratio0.10×
Quick ratio0.10×
Debt / equity1.21×
Net debt / EBITDA5.58×
Interest coverage2×
Efficiency & per-share
Asset turnover0.18×
Inventory days0
Days sales out.30
FCF / share$3.83
Book value / share$50.42
Valuation multiples
Price- and EV-based multiples plus shareholder yields. Snapshot at each fiscal year-end from key_metrics (FMP).
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headline | ||||||||
| Market cap | — | — | — | $1.03B | $1.12B | — | — | — |
| Enterprise value | — | — | — | $1.97B | $2.12B | — | — | — |
| Multiples | ||||||||
| P / E | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| P / B | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / EBITDA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / Sales | — | — | — | 7.54 | 6.02 | — | — | — |
| EV / FCF | — | — | — | 47.34 | 33.04 | — | — | — |
| Yields | ||||||||
| Earnings yield | — | — | — | -1.04% | +1.58% | — | — | — |
| Free cash flow yield | — | — | — | +4.06% | +5.76% | — | — | — |
| Dividend yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Profitability
Margin structure across the last 5 fiscal years
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Margins | ||||||||
| Gross margin | +55.08% | +53.83% | +55.93% | +56.94% | +3.05% | +38.89% | +39.31% | +37.68% |
| Operating margin | +14.82% | +5.40% | +32.32% | +7.85% | +29.19% | +22.49% | +22.54% | +22.77% |
| EBITDA margin | +60.98% | +47.26% | +72.26% | +50.09% | +51.16% | +57.67% | +59.30% | +57.72% |
| EBIT margin | +14.82% | +5.89% | +32.78% | +8.85% | +19.10% | +19.80% | +20.07% | +19.93% |
| Pre-tax margin | -1.04% | -6.87% | +18.84% | -5.44% | +6.50% | +6.83% | +6.52% | +6.48% |
| Net margin | +0.30% | -5.25% | +16.06% | -4.10% | +4.98% | +5.69% | +5.59% | +5.52% |
| Cost structure | ||||||||
| Cost of revenue / sales | +44.92% | +46.17% | +44.07% | +43.06% | +96.95% | +61.78% | +62.58% | +60.38% |
| R&D intensity | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| SG&A intensity | +8.04% | +6.82% | +7.68% | +6.82% | +5.92% | +6.81% | +6.99% | +6.74% |
| Effective tax rate | — | — | 0.00% | — | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
Returns on capital
ROE / ROA / ROC / ROIC over the relevant capital base, plus the 3-step DuPont decomposition of ROE.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Returns | ||||||||
| Return on equity (ROE) | +0.06% | -1.39% | +4.43% | -1.19% | +2.08% | +1.77% | +1.79% | +1.78% |
| Return on assets (ROA) | +0.03% | -0.66% | +2.18% | -0.56% | +0.91% | +0.83% | +0.82% | +0.82% |
| Return on capital (ROC) | +1.59% | +0.70% | +4.53% | +1.10% | +5.52% | +3.45% | +3.44% | +3.49% |
| Return on invested capital (ROIC) | +0.03% | +0.53% | +2.25% | +0.83% | +0.94% | +0.87% | +0.85% | +0.84% |
| Asset turnover | +10.40% | +12.63% | +13.56% | +13.64% | +18.33% | +14.52% | +14.75% | +14.83% |
| DuPont · ROE decomposition | ||||||||
| Net margin | +0.30% | -5.25% | +16.06% | -4.10% | +4.98% | +5.69% | +5.59% | +5.52% |
| Asset turnover (× revenue / assets) | +10.40% | +12.63% | +13.56% | +13.64% | +18.33% | +14.52% | +14.75% | +14.83% |
| Equity multiplier (× assets / equity) | +189.90% | +210.30% | +203.29% | +212.87% | +227.74% | +214.06% | +216.88% | +218.18% |
Activity & efficiency
Turnover ratios and days-outstanding — how efficiently the business converts assets and working capital into sales and cash.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnover | ||||||||
| Asset turnover | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Fixed-asset turnover | 59.85 | 82.28 | 93.39 | 102.63 | — | — | — | — |
| Inventory turnover | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Receivables turnover | 3.99 | 38.64 | 34.14 | 10.08 | 12.36 | — | — | — |
| Payables turnover | — | — | 1.84 | — | 5.78 | — | — | — |
| Days outstanding | ||||||||
| Days sales outstanding (DSO) | 91.37 | 9.45 | 10.69 | 36.20 | 29.52 | — | — | — |
| Days inventory outstanding (DIO) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Days payables outstanding (DPO) | — | — | 198.89 | — | 63.16 | — | — | — |
| Cash conversion cycle | 91.37 | 9.45 | -188.20 | 36.20 | -33.64 | — | — | — |
Cash flow quality
How well reported earnings translate into operating and free cash flow, plus reinvestment intensity.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating CF / Net income | 137.53 | -6.83 | 2.13 | -9.19 | 5.60 | 5.84 | 5.81 | 6.20 |
| FCF / Net income | 78.81 | -2.63 | 0.73 | -3.89 | 3.66 | 2.73 | 2.72 | 2.81 |
| FCF margin | +23.87% | +13.80% | +11.75% | +15.94% | +18.21% | +15.55% | +15.18% | +15.51% |
| OCF margin | +41.66% | +35.83% | +34.26% | +37.65% | +27.88% | +33.27% | +32.49% | +34.19% |
| CapEx / Revenue | +17.79% | +22.04% | +22.51% | +21.71% | +9.67% | +17.48% | +17.74% | +17.43% |
| CapEx / D&A | 0.39 | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.53 | 0.29 | — | — | — |
| Stock-based comp / Revenue | +1.33% | +1.02% | +1.26% | +1.15% | +0.98% | — | — | — |
Per-share & shareholder yield
EPS, book value, sales, cash flow and dividends per share — plus payout / retention.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPS · diluted | -2.00 | -0.99 | 2.32 | -1.27 | 1.02 | -1.05 | -0.41 | -0.03 |
| EPS · basic | -2.27 | -0.99 | 2.65 | -1.27 | 1.02 | -1.10 | -0.43 | -0.03 |
| Book value / share | 65.05 | 63.54 | 55.36 | 57.99 | 50.42 | 50.65 | 48.55 | 30.43 |
| Tangible BV / share | 64.53 | 63.35 | 55.17 | 57.83 | 50.28 | 50.65 | 48.55 | 30.43 |
| Sales / share | 12.84 | 16.87 | 15.27 | 16.83 | 21.05 | 15.74 | 15.53 | 9.85 |
| Operating CF / share | 5.35 | 6.05 | 5.23 | 6.34 | 5.87 | 5.24 | 5.05 | 3.37 |
| Free cash flow / share | 3.07 | 2.33 | 1.79 | 2.68 | 3.83 | 2.45 | 2.36 | 1.53 |
| Dividends / share | 2.45 | 2.92 | 2.56 | 2.95 | 3.04 | 2.63 | 2.58 | 1.56 |
| Payout ratio | +6299.02% | -330.10% | +104.23% | -428.42% | +290.42% | +292.93% | +297.73% | +286.50% |
| Retention ratio | -6199.02% | +430.10% | -4.23% | +528.42% | -190.42% | -192.93% | -197.73% | -186.50% |
Growth
Year-over-year change for headline P&L lines, plus through-cycle CAGR
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 7y CAGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top-line | |||||||||
| Revenue · YoY | — | +27.27% | +1.79% | -0.12% | +35.31% | -25.10% | -0.96% | -36.83% | -2.79% |
| Gross profit · YoY | — | +24.38% | +5.76% | +1.69% | -92.76% | +856.13% | +0.10% | -39.44% | -7.92% |
| Profit | |||||||||
| Operating income · YoY | — | -53.63% | +509.29% | -75.76% | +403.40% | -42.28% | -0.75% | -36.17% | +3.37% |
| EBITDA · YoY | — | -1.37% | +55.65% | -30.77% | +38.20% | -15.57% | +1.84% | -38.52% | -3.55% |
| Net income · YoY | — | -2304.42% | +411.57% | -125.47% | +264.55% | -14.38% | -2.78% | -37.65% | +47.15% |
| Operating | |||||||||
| EBIT · YoY | — | -49.45% | +466.95% | -73.05% | +192.10% | -22.35% | +0.37% | -37.26% | +1.41% |
| R&D · YoY | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Per-share | |||||||||
| EPS · diluted · YoY | — | +50.50% | +334.34% | -154.74% | +180.31% | -202.65% | +60.73% | +92.45% | — |
| EPS · basic · YoY | — | +56.39% | +367.68% | -147.92% | +180.31% | -208.33% | +61.08% | +92.40% | — |
Credit & leverage
Balance-sheet health + interest coverage + liquidity. Coverage ratios use period-end debt and trailing interest expense.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leverage | ||||||||
| Total debt | $856.05M | $1.01B | $916.02M | $955.39M | $1.02B | $871.05M | $898.81M | $569.73M |
| Net debt | $824.78M | $997.18M | $907.39M | $943.36M | $1.01B | $860.79M | $888.98M | $563.48M |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 6.71 | 8.22 | 4.81 | 7.22 | 5.58 | 5.64 | 5.72 | 5.90 |
| Debt / equity | 0.84 | 1.04 | 0.97 | 1.06 | 1.21 | 1.02 | 1.10 | 1.11 |
| Debt / assets | +44.12% | +49.56% | +47.55% | +49.92% | +53.02% | +47.81% | +50.62% | +51.05% |
| Equity / assets | +52.66% | +47.55% | +49.19% | +46.98% | +43.91% | +46.72% | +46.11% | +45.83% |
| Coverage | ||||||||
| EBITDA / interest expense | 3.84 | 3.70 | 5.18 | 3.51 | 4.06 | 4.31 | 4.43 | 4.21 |
| Operating income / interest | 0.93 | 0.42 | 2.32 | 0.55 | 2.32 | 1.68 | 1.69 | 1.66 |
| Interest expense | $31.99M | $32.75M | $36.43M | $37.28M | $44.48M | $35.41M | $35.03M | $22.71M |
| Liquidity | ||||||||
| Current ratio | 0.71 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.49 | 0.10 | — | — | — |
| Quick ratio | 0.59 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.36 | 0.09 | — | — | — |
| Cash ratio | 0.23 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.03 | — | — | — |
| Working capital | -$39.59M | -$145.3M | -$62.71M | -$54.77M | -$410.29M | — | — | — |
| Working capital / revenue | -19.63% | -56.60% | -24.00% | -20.99% | -116.19% | — | — | — |
Sourced from key_metrics + financial_ratios (loaded by load_fundamentals_extended.py).
Valuation
| Metric | FY 2025 | FY 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| P / E | — | — |
| P / B | — | — |
| EV / EBITDA | — | — |
| EV / Sales | 6.02x | 7.54x |
| Earnings yield | 1.6% | -1.0% |
| FCF yield | 5.8% | 4.1% |
Returns
| Metric | FY 2025 | FY 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Gross margin | — | — |
| Operating margin | — | — |
| Net margin | — | — |
| ROE | 2.4% | -1.6% |
| ROA | 0.9% | -0.6% |
| ROIC | 5.5% | 1.1% |
Leverage & liquidity
| Metric | FY 2025 | FY 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Debt / equity | — | — |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 5.58 | 7.22 |
| Interest coverage | — | — |
| Current ratio | 0.27x | 0.49x |
| Quick ratio | — | — |
Methodology. ROE / ROA / ROC use period-end balance-sheet denominators (no average-of- period smoothing). ROIC = Operating Income × (1 − inferred effective tax rate) over invested capital, with the effective tax inferred from net-to-operating income when both are positive and a 25% default otherwise. Net debt / EBITDA, debt ratios, and interest-coverage ratios are calculated point-in-time at each fiscal year-end. TTM = trailing 4 quarters (income / cash flow summed, balance sheet = most-recent quarterly snapshot). Through-cycle CAGR in the Growth panel uses the geometric mean of first-to-last period growth across the window (positive values only).