Explain this page
Arphra AIPlain-English read on Allegion plc’s valuationRatios & metrics
Profitability, returns on capital, growth, and credit — all derived from the historical income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow rows in our data warehouse.
Quality composite
A+Top tier
A snapshot of the latest fiscal year’s margins, returns on capital, balance-sheet strength and efficiency, computed from the income statement, balance sheet and cash-flow rows. Source income / balance / cash_flow.
Profitability
Gross margin45.2%
Operating margin21.1%
Net margin15.8%
ROE31.1%
ROA12.3%
ROIC18.0%
Liquidity & leverage
Current ratio1.84×
Quick ratio1.16×
Debt / equity1.10×
Net debt / EBITDA1.94×
Interest coverage9×
Efficiency & per-share
Asset turnover0.78×
Inventory days85
Days sales out.42
FCF / share$7.93
Book value / share$23.90
Valuation multiples
Price- and EV-based multiples plus shareholder yields. Snapshot at each fiscal year-end from key_metrics (FMP).
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headline | |||||||||
| Market cap | — | — | — | $11.4B | $13.68B | — | — | — | — |
| Enterprise value | — | — | — | $13.04B | $15.6B | — | — | — | — |
| Multiples | |||||||||
| P / E | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| P / B | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / EBITDA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / Sales | — | — | — | 3.46 | 3.84 | — | — | — | — |
| EV / FCF | — | — | — | 22.37 | 22.75 | — | — | — | — |
| Yields | |||||||||
| Earnings yield | — | — | — | +5.24% | +4.71% | — | — | — | — |
| Free cash flow yield | — | — | — | +5.12% | +5.01% | — | — | — | — |
| Dividend yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Profitability
Margin structure across the last 5 fiscal years
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Margins | |||||||||
| Gross margin | +42.02% | +40.42% | +43.32% | +44.23% | +45.20% | +43.69% | +45.38% | +45.23% | +45.37% |
| Operating margin | +18.49% | +17.92% | +19.40% | +20.70% | +21.13% | +20.03% | +20.65% | +20.64% | +20.27% |
| EBITDA margin | +22.92% | +21.04% | +22.51% | +24.31% | +24.32% | +24.29% | +24.35% | +24.04% | +23.64% |
| EBIT margin | +20.03% | +18.04% | +19.46% | +21.23% | +21.13% | +20.05% | +20.04% | +20.32% | +21.07% |
| Pre-tax margin | +18.27% | +15.72% | +16.91% | +18.52% | +18.89% | +17.91% | +17.72% | +18.42% | +17.96% |
| Net margin | +16.84% | +14.00% | +14.80% | +15.84% | +15.83% | +15.32% | +15.45% | +15.86% | +15.03% |
| Cost structure | |||||||||
| Cost of revenue / sales | +57.98% | +59.58% | +56.68% | +55.77% | +54.80% | +55.85% | +54.40% | +56.46% | +55.23% |
| R&D intensity | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | +2.99% | +3.25% | +2.09% | +2.10% | +2.07% | +2.09% |
| SG&A intensity | +23.53% | +22.49% | +23.71% | +23.54% | +24.07% | +23.15% | +23.84% | +23.68% | +23.35% |
| Effective tax rate | +7.77% | +10.92% | +12.41% | +14.50% | +16.22% | +14.75% | +14.96% | +14.39% | +14.69% |
Returns on capital
ROE / ROA / ROC / ROIC over the relevant capital base, plus the 3-step DuPont decomposition of ROE.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Returns | |||||||||
| Return on equity (ROE) | +63.35% | +48.49% | +40.99% | +39.81% | +31.14% | +35.51% | +36.98% | +37.21% | +35.84% |
| Return on assets (ROA) | +15.83% | +11.48% | +12.53% | +13.31% | +12.32% | +12.72% | +12.47% | +12.95% | +12.20% |
| Return on capital (ROC) | +24.05% | +19.30% | +21.25% | +21.38% | +19.77% | +20.14% | +21.45% | +21.04% | +21.00% |
| Return on invested capital (ROIC) | +21.91% | +15.07% | +16.21% | +16.36% | +14.81% | +15.40% | +16.06% | +16.16% | +15.57% |
| Asset turnover | +93.98% | +81.98% | +84.68% | +84.05% | +77.86% | +83.02% | +80.72% | +81.66% | +81.19% |
| DuPont · ROE decomposition | |||||||||
| Net margin | +16.84% | +14.00% | +14.80% | +15.84% | +15.83% | +15.32% | +15.45% | +15.86% | +15.03% |
| Asset turnover (× revenue / assets) | +93.98% | +81.98% | +84.68% | +84.05% | +77.86% | +83.02% | +80.72% | +81.66% | +81.19% |
| Equity multiplier (× assets / equity) | +400.18% | +422.57% | +327.05% | +299.05% | +252.65% | +279.27% | +296.48% | +287.39% | +293.71% |
Activity & efficiency
Turnover ratios and days-outstanding — how efficiently the business converts assets and working capital into sales and cash.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnover | |||||||||
| Asset turnover | 0.94 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.78 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.81 |
| Fixed-asset turnover | 10.11 | 10.60 | 10.19 | 9.79 | 6.66 | — | — | — | — |
| Inventory turnover | 4.37 | 4.07 | 4.72 | 4.97 | 4.29 | — | — | — | — |
| Receivables turnover | 10.12 | 8.10 | 8.66 | 8.41 | 8.70 | — | — | — | — |
| Payables turnover | 6.42 | 6.95 | 7.98 | 8.15 | 9.11 | — | — | — | — |
| Days outstanding | |||||||||
| Days sales outstanding (DSO) | 36.06 | 45.06 | 42.16 | 43.42 | 41.97 | — | — | — | — |
| Days inventory outstanding (DIO) | 83.52 | 89.68 | 77.35 | 73.39 | 84.99 | — | — | — | — |
| Days payables outstanding (DPO) | 56.89 | 52.55 | 45.72 | 44.76 | 40.09 | — | — | — | — |
| Cash conversion cycle | 62.69 | 82.18 | 73.79 | 72.04 | 86.87 | — | — | — | — |
Cash flow quality
How well reported earnings translate into operating and free cash flow, plus reinvestment intensity.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating CF / Net income | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.11 | 1.13 | 1.22 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.10 | 1.16 |
| FCF / Net income | 0.92 | 0.86 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 1.07 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 1.05 |
| FCF margin | +15.46% | +12.09% | +14.14% | +15.45% | +16.86% | +15.30% | +15.39% | +15.40% | +15.80% |
| OCF margin | +17.04% | +14.04% | +16.45% | +17.89% | +19.27% | +17.38% | +17.59% | +17.45% | +17.43% |
| CapEx / Revenue | +1.58% | +1.96% | +2.31% | +2.44% | +2.41% | +2.45% | +2.34% | +2.38% | +2.35% |
| CapEx / D&A | 0.55 | 0.65 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.74 | — | — | — | — |
| Stock-based comp / Revenue | +0.82% | +0.75% | +0.72% | +0.75% | +0.73% | — | — | — | — |
Per-share & shareholder yield
EPS, book value, sales, cash flow and dividends per share — plus payout / retention.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPS · diluted | 5.34 | 5.19 | 6.12 | 6.82 | 7.44 | 8.78 | 9.56 | 10.43 | 12.30 |
| EPS · basic | 5.37 | 5.20 | 6.15 | 6.85 | 7.49 | 8.90 | 9.49 | 10.34 | 12.46 |
| Book value / share | 8.42 | 10.70 | 14.93 | 17.13 | 23.90 | 21.97 | 22.22 | 23.36 | 24.47 |
| Tangible BV / share | -5.40 | -12.20 | -7.90 | -6.37 | -7.75 | 21.97 | 22.22 | 23.36 | 24.47 |
| Sales / share | 31.68 | 37.05 | 41.35 | 43.06 | 47.02 | 50.94 | 53.17 | 54.82 | 58.36 |
| Operating CF / share | 5.40 | 5.20 | 6.80 | 7.71 | 9.06 | 8.85 | 9.35 | 9.57 | 10.17 |
| Free cash flow / share | 4.90 | 4.48 | 5.85 | 6.65 | 7.93 | 7.80 | 8.18 | 8.44 | 9.22 |
| Dividends / share | 1.43 | 1.63 | 1.80 | 1.91 | 2.03 | 2.22 | 2.33 | 2.42 | 2.60 |
| Payout ratio | +26.71% | +31.42% | +29.37% | +27.95% | +27.23% | +28.43% | +28.40% | +27.80% | +29.63% |
| Retention ratio | +73.29% | +68.58% | +70.63% | +72.05% | +72.77% | +71.57% | +71.60% | +72.20% | +70.37% |
Growth
Year-over-year change for headline P&L lines, plus through-cycle CAGR
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 8y CAGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top-line | ||||||||||
| Revenue · YoY | — | +14.11% | +11.58% | +3.33% | +7.82% | +7.80% | +4.77% | +3.88% | +6.81% | +7.45% |
| Gross profit · YoY | — | +9.75% | +19.59% | +5.50% | +10.18% | +4.20% | +8.81% | +3.55% | +7.14% | +8.49% |
| Profit | ||||||||||
| Operating income · YoY | — | +10.60% | +20.80% | +10.21% | +10.09% | +2.18% | +7.99% | +3.85% | +4.91% | +8.70% |
| EBITDA · YoY | — | +4.72% | +19.41% | +11.56% | +7.89% | +7.64% | +5.02% | +2.59% | +5.02% | +7.87% |
| Net income · YoY | — | -5.18% | +17.99% | +10.57% | +7.75% | +4.31% | +5.70% | +6.58% | +1.24% | +5.93% |
| Operating | ||||||||||
| EBIT · YoY | — | +2.82% | +20.31% | +12.74% | +7.33% | +2.29% | +4.72% | +5.28% | +10.76% | +8.14% |
| R&D · YoY | — | — | — | — | +17.13% | -30.51% | +5.18% | +2.25% | +7.96% | — |
| Per-share | ||||||||||
| EPS · diluted · YoY | — | -2.81% | +17.92% | +11.44% | +9.09% | +18.02% | +8.89% | +9.06% | +17.98% | +11.00% |
| EPS · basic · YoY | — | -3.17% | +18.27% | +11.38% | +9.34% | +18.81% | +6.64% | +9.00% | +20.42% | +11.09% |
Credit & leverage
Balance-sheet health + interest coverage + liquidity. Coverage ratios use period-end debt and trailing interest expense.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leverage | |||||||||
| Total debt | $1.44B | $2.09B | $2.02B | $2.15B | $2.28B | $2.47B | $2.5B | $2.65B | $2.78B |
| Net debt | $1.04B | $1.81B | $1.55B | $1.65B | $1.92B | $1.96B | $1.97B | $2.09B | $2.19B |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 1.59 | 2.62 | 1.88 | 1.80 | 1.94 | 1.84 | 1.77 | 1.82 | 1.81 |
| Debt / equity | 1.89 | 2.22 | 1.53 | 1.43 | 1.10 | 1.31 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 |
| Debt / assets | +47.27% | +52.48% | +46.74% | +47.92% | +43.62% | +46.78% | +43.96% | +45.30% | +44.33% |
| Equity / assets | +24.99% | +23.66% | +30.58% | +33.44% | +39.58% | +35.81% | +33.73% | +34.80% | +34.05% |
| Coverage | |||||||||
| EBITDA / interest expense | 13.09 | 9.07 | 8.83 | 8.99 | 9.79 | 9.36 | 9.22 | 9.34 | 9.42 |
| Operating income / interest | 10.56 | 7.73 | 7.61 | 7.65 | 8.51 | 7.72 | 7.82 | 8.02 | 8.08 |
| Interest expense | $50.2M | $75.9M | $93.1M | $102M | $101M | $113.76M | $121.26M | $122.85M | $127.93M |
| Liquidity | |||||||||
| Current ratio | 1.86 | 1.73 | 1.26 | 2.04 | 1.84 | — | — | — | — |
| Quick ratio | 1.13 | 0.98 | 0.82 | 1.37 | 1.09 | — | — | — | — |
| Cash ratio | 0.66 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.72 | 0.47 | — | — | — | — |
| Working capital | $516.4M | $511M | $281.2M | $725.4M | $636.4M | — | — | — | — |
| Working capital / revenue | +18.01% | +15.62% | +7.70% | +19.23% | +15.65% | — | — | — | — |
Sourced from key_metrics + financial_ratios (loaded by load_fundamentals_extended.py).
Valuation
| Metric | FY 2025 | FY 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| P / E | — | — |
| P / B | — | — |
| EV / EBITDA | — | — |
| EV / Sales | 3.84x | 3.46x |
| Earnings yield | 4.7% | 5.2% |
| FCF yield | 5.0% | 5.1% |
Returns
| Metric | FY 2025 | FY 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Gross margin | — | — |
| Operating margin | — | — |
| Net margin | — | — |
| ROE | 31.1% | 39.8% |
| ROA | 12.3% | 13.3% |
| ROIC | 16.0% | 17.3% |
Leverage & liquidity
| Metric | FY 2025 | FY 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Debt / equity | — | — |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 1.94 | 1.80 |
| Interest coverage | — | — |
| Current ratio | 1.84x | 2.04x |
| Quick ratio | — | — |
Methodology. ROE / ROA / ROC use period-end balance-sheet denominators (no average-of- period smoothing). ROIC = Operating Income × (1 − inferred effective tax rate) over invested capital, with the effective tax inferred from net-to-operating income when both are positive and a 25% default otherwise. Net debt / EBITDA, debt ratios, and interest-coverage ratios are calculated point-in-time at each fiscal year-end. TTM = trailing 4 quarters (income / cash flow summed, balance sheet = most-recent quarterly snapshot). Through-cycle CAGR in the Growth panel uses the geometric mean of first-to-last period growth across the window (positive values only).